Rivers of Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh provides water to both the Indus and Ganges basins. The drainage systems of the region are the Chandra Bhaga or the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas, the Sutlej and the Yamuna. These rivers are perennial and are fed by snow and rainfall. They are protected by an extensive cover of natural vegetation.
The Beas rises in the Pir Panjal range near the Rohtang Pass and flows about 256 km in Himachal Pradesh. The river is formed by a numerous of tributaries; the major tributaries are the Parbati, the Hurla, the Sainj, the Uhl, the Suheti, the Luni, the Banganga and the Chaki. The northern and eastern tributaries of the river are snow fed and perennial, while the southern ones are seasonal. During the month of August, increase in the inflow sometimes results in floods.
The Chandrabhaga or Chenab (Vedic name Askni), the largest river (in terms of volume of water) is formed after the meeting of two streams namely, Chandra and Bhaga at Tundi, in Lahul. It flows 122 km and covers an area of 7,500 km², in Himachal, before entering Kashmir. The Chandra passes through the barren tribal land.
The Ravi is born in Bara Banghal, Kangra district as a joint stream formed by the glacier fed Bhadal and Tantgari. The river is of about 158 km in length and has a catchment area of nearly 5,451 km². Chamba lies on its right bank.
The Sutlej originates in distant Tibet. The river cuts through both the great Himalayan and the Zaskar ranges and crosses the Indo-Tibetan border (near Shipkila). Then the river Spiti joins Sutlej from the north. Passing through gorges it emerges from the mountains at Bhakra. The catchment area of Sutlej in Himachal Pradesh is about 20,000 km².
The Yamuna has its origin in Yamunotri in Uttarkashi district, Uttarakhand. Its total catchment area in Himachal Pradesh is 2,320 km². Its tributaries are the Tons, the Giri and the Bata.